15 خرداد 1342، سر آغاز خیزشی مردمی

توسط محمد تقی سرحدی آخرین بروزرسانی 16 خرداد 1395

قیام 15 خرداد 1342 خورشیدی، سرآغاز شکل گیری نهضت انقلابی و اسلامی مردمان این دیار کهن است، هنگامه ای که ملت ایران با رهبری امام خمینی(ره) در برابر استبداد و استعمار حکومت پهلوی به پاخاستند و با شجاعت و رشادت خویش نهال انقلاب را آبیاری کردند.

مبارزه های ملت ایران در برابر استبداد رژیم پهلوی با رهبری امام خمینی(ره) شکل منسجمی به خود گرفت و ابعاد گسترده تری یافت، در این میان 1341 خورشیدی را می توان از مهم ترین سال های رویارویی با حکومت وقت قلمداد کرد، در این برهه تاریخی معمار بزرگ انقلاب با سخنرانی های افشاگرانه خویش در برابر رژیم طاغوت ایستادند. این رهبر فرزانه به دنبال رویدادهایی همچون تصویب لایحه کاپیتولاسیون و حمله نیروهای سازمان امنیت و اطلاعات کشور (ساواک) به مدرسه فیضیه قم و کشتار طلبه ها، به طور گسترده تری با همراهی روحانیان و مردم آگاه به مبارزه های خویش ادامه دادند.
این عوامل سبب شد تا رژیم به نیروهای خود دستور دهد تا از سخنرانی درباره شخص محمدرضا پهلوی و رژیم صهیونیستی جلوگیری کنند، در این میان امام خمینی فرصت را برای دعوت مردم به قیام علیه رژیم مستبد پهلوی ارزشمند دانستند و در روز عاشورا برابر با 13 خرداد 1342 خورشیدی، سخنرانی تاریخی خویش را که آغازی بر قیام 15 خرداد بود در مدرسه فیضیه قم انجام دادند و به مرور اقدام های رژیم طاغوت پرداختند و فرمودند: «شما اهالی محترم قم ملاحظه فرمودید آن روز که آن رفراندوم غلط، آن رفراندوم مفتضح انجام گرفت، آن رفراندومی که برخلاف مصالح ملت ایران بود با زور سرنیزه اجرا شد ... آیا روحانیت و اسلام ارتجاع سیاه است؟ لکن تو مرتجع سیاه، انقلاب سفید کرده ای؟! .... چرا این قدر می خواهی مردم را اغفال کنی؟ چرا مردم را این قدر تهدید می کنی؟... امروز به من خبر داده اند که عده ای از وعاظ و خطبا تهران را برده اند به سازمان امنیت و تهدید کرده اند که از سه موضوع حرف نزنند: 1- از شاه بدگویی نکنند 2- به اسراییل حمله نکنند 3- نگویند که اسلام در خطر است. دیگر هر چه بگویند آزادند.
...تمام گرفتاریها و اختلاف های ما در همین سه موضوع نهفته است. اگر از این سه موضوع بگذریم، دیگر اختلافی نداریم و باید دید که اگر ما نگوییم شاه چنین و چنان است آیا آن طور نیست؟ اگر ما نگوییم اسراییل برای اسلام و مسلمان ها خطرناک است آیا خطرناک نیست؟ و در اصل چه ارتباطی و تناسبی بین شاه و اسراییل است که سازمان امنیت می گوید: از شاه صحبت نکنید، از اسراییل نیز صحبت نکنید؟ آیا به نظر سازمان امنیت شاه، اسراییلی است؟»
حکومت پهلوی پس از شنیدن این سخنان روشنگرانه امام خمینی، سخت برآشفت و برای جلوگیری از به وقوع پیوستن یک قیام یا سست شدن پایه های حکومت، دستور دستگیری امام(ره) را صادر کرد، در نهایت نیروهای ساواک، امام خمینی را در صبحگاه 15 خرداد در منزل ایشان بازداشت کردند، مردم با آگاهی از این موضوع در شهرهای مختلف کشور به اعتراض پرداختند و این اقدام حکومت را محکوم ساختند.
نیروهای رژیم پهلوی با مشاهده موج گسترده اعتراض ها، هنگامی که مردم می خواستند از حرم حضرت معصومه(س) خارج شوند، آنان را هدف تیر و ترکش قرار دادند و قیام آزادی خواهانه آنان را به خاک و خون کشیدند، در این رویداد هزاران تن از مردم، شهید و زخمی شدند و ایرانیان در غمی شگرف فرو رفتند.
اما این امر زمینه ساز وقوع رویدادهای مهم دیگری شد و مسیر پیروزی نهضت مردمی ایران را هموارتر ساخت تا آن که سرانجام در 22 بهمن 1357 خورشیدی با پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی، تومار استعمار و استبداد برای همیشه در هم پیچیده شد.
«قاسم تبریزی» رییس کتابخانه انقلاب اسلامی مجلس شورای اسلامی و محقق تاریخ معاصر در گفت و گو با پژوهشگر گروه اطلاع رسانی ایرنا به تحلیل عوامل موثر بر شکل گیری قیام 15 خرداد پرداخت و با اشاره به شرایط سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ایران پس از کودتای ۲۸ مرداد 1332 خورشیدی، گفت: آمریکایی ها تا ۱۳۴۰ خورشیدی به دنبال زمینه سازی و نهادسازی برای سلطه کامل بر ایران بودند و بر این پایه طرح تغییر ساختار سیاسی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی ایران جزو برنامه کلیدی آنها قرار گرفت. آنان برای دستیابی به هدف های خود علی امینی را که از چهره های وابسته به آمریکا بود به عنوان نخست وزیر بر سر کار آوردند و سه ماموریت شامل برکناری جریان انگلیسی از حاکمیت، اجرای لایحه انجمن های ایالتی و ولایتی و تصویب لایحه کاپیتولاسیون را بر عهده وی گذاشتند اما امینی در درگیری با جریان انگلیسی با وجودی که تعدادی را برکنار، دستگیر و زندانی کرد اما چنان که باید در اجرای برنامه های کلیدی نتوانست موفق عمل کند

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چهارشنبه, 17 آذر,1395 :: 14:04

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چهارشنبه, 18 اسفند,1395 :: 07:56

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15 خرداد 1342، سر آغاز خیزشی مردمی

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